“It”的用法

甘肃高台县第一中学 高 翔一、作人称代词（一）用于代替上文提到过的事物或整个句子所表述的事实。This little dog is very lovely. It belongs to my neighbour.那只小狗很可爱，是我邻居的。（二）用于指代人1.指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。—Who’s knocking at the door?谁在敲门？2.指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。（三）用于代替指示代词this和that练习1 完成句子1.你不能吃蛋糕，那是我的。You can’t eat the cake and it acute;s_mine．2.汤姆考试没及格。你听说了吗？Tom has failed in the exam. Have_you_heard_of_it?二、作非人称代词it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称代词it。It’s over 200 miles from London to Manchester.从伦敦到曼彻斯特有200多英里。练习2 写出下列句中it指代的内容1.It was 12 o acute;clock when they came out of the hall.时间2.It’s damp and cold. I think it acute;s going to rain.天气三、作形式主语当动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，通常把它们置于句末作真正的主语，而使用it作形式主语。（一）代替动词不定式常用句型为：1.It be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词(即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的)。常见的形容词有bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice, polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong等。2.It be＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况(即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的)。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, impossible, pleasant等。3.It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事要花费某人一段时间。4.It be＋adj.＋to do sth.（二）代替动名词常用句型为：It’s useless/(of) no use/(of)no good doing sth.该句型常译为“做……也是徒然的/没有益处的”，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝not any use), no good(＝ not any good)等。（三）代替主语从句常用句型为：1.It be＋形容词(clear, possible, obvious, certain, difficult, likely, important ...)＋主语从句。2.It be＋v.ed(said, reported, thought, believed, hoped, known, decided ...)＋主语从句。3.It be＋名词(a pity, a shame, a surprise, an honour, a fact, a good thing ...)＋主语从句4.Ithappens(seems/looks/appears/occurs to sb.) that 练习 3 完成句子1.完成句子①跟他争论这件事是没有用的。It_is_no_use_arguing_about the matter with him.②奇怪的是你竟然能在如此短的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。It’s_a_wonder_that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time.2.句型转换①That he doesn’t like it is very clear.→It is very clear that he doesn acute;t like it.②He is said to have gone abroad.→It is said that he has gone abroad.③It’s important that she (should) come to the party.→It’s important for her to come to the party.④He happened to be working at that time.→It happened that he was working at that time.四、作形式宾语1．用于“主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。He made it clear that he hated me.他表达得很明确，他讨厌我。[点津]为了便于记忆，可以把该句型称为“6123结构”：6指的是句中常用的六个谓语动词：think/believe/consider/feel/find/make；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词或宾语从句。2.在动词appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love等后代替if或when等引导的从句。I would appreciate it if you could come.如果你能来我会很感激。3．在动词have(表明；坚持说)，take(认为；猜想)，hide(隐瞒), publish (公布), put(表达；写出来)等后代替that引导的宾语从句。I take it that you don’t agree with me.我认为你不同意我的见解。4．在短语动词answer for (担保)，count on (期待), depend on, insist on, see to (确保)等后代替that引导的宾语从句。
2022-04-19 20:18:33