英语单选题标点助解法初探

江苏省阜宁中学左滌江校区 陈 娟中学生在做单选题时，往往忽视了句中的标点符号，理不清句子结构，凭主观臆断致使单选准确率较低，笔者归纳如下几种含标点的典型句子，助读者解题。一、标点使答案选择迥异句子主、谓语间有无逗号使答案迥异，例句：“Every boy and every girl, _____ as I told you” said the teacher.A. does B. to do C. doing D. do解析：本题答案为D。说话人强调主语，或上级对下级，长者对年轻人或小孩讲话时，祈使句可有主语，往往要用逗号将句子主语与谓语部分隔开。句中Every boy and every girl是呼语，该主句为祈使句，故用动词原形。若忽视句中的逗号，往往会误选A。有时，在并列结构中，由于谓语动词承前省略的缘故，也会在主、谓语间加上逗号。例如：My brother will go to Zhangjije for a holiday, and I, to Jiuzhaigou.还有，当句子主语部分过长时，也会在主、谓语间加上逗号。例如：The representatives at the Earth Summit from all over the world, _____ the belief that we should develop the world’s economy without damaging the environment.A. holding B. held C. holds D. to hold仔细分析分子成分可以发现谓语前面是句子的主语而不是呼语，句中缺谓语动词，应用held，故不用hold。二、标点使句子表达性征鲜明 句号表示句子的内容具有陈述性，问号表达疑问性，而感叹号则表达情感性。例如1：What materials can be recycled _____ the nature of them?A. depend on B. to depend on C. depends on D. depending on解析：本题答案为B。由句尾的问号我们可以知道，what materials can be recycled是整个问句的主、谓部分，其后应该用现在分词短语depending on the nature of them作状语。如果我们把句尾的问号换成句号，what materials can be recycled就成了主语从句，整个主句缺少谓语动词，答案则为C项depends on。再如：—Sorry, boy, I didn’t mean to …—Don’t call me “boy”. I’m an adult, and _____ you forget it!A. did B. do C. didn’t D. don’t该句句末的感叹号和本题的语境告诉我们这是一个否定的祈使句，故选D项don’t。由连词and连接与前句的Don’t call me…并列。试比较下面三个例句：Can’t you just wear a flower instead?(否定的一般疑问句)Isn’t it a nice day? (感叹句)Don’t do that again next time! (祈使句)三、标点使句子成分分隔有致逗号也可以起分隔插入语和状语的作用，例一：They decide, as their teacher suggested, _____ they will start out tomorrow and _____ they will take along some necessities.A. / that B. that, that C. that, / D. that , still解析：本题答案应为B。尽管我们平常常强调并列宾语从句中第一个宾语从句的引导词that可省，但当谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入成分时，宾语从句的引导词that就不可以省略了。例二：In a region of concentrated population, _____ is, where many people live and work in a small area, there is always in great need of energy.A. that B. which C. this D. it本题应选A。that is 在本句中是插入语，倘若去掉is后面的逗号，答案只能为B项，即which引导的非限制性定语从句。例三：_____, we’ll go out for a picnic.A. Weather permits B. Weather is permittedC. Weather permitting D. Being a fine day解析：本题答案为C。Weather permitting可以看作分词的复合结构，也可以看作是独立主格结构，在句中作状语。在英语句式中，用连接词表示前后分句间的逻辑关系，不可以仅用逗号分隔，所以句中的逗号就成了排除A项和B项（它们是句子）的关键信息了。四、标点与连词互补能表达逻辑关系在并列句和主从复合句中，逗号只起分隔作用，前后两部分的逻辑关系必须用连接词来表达；若没有连接词，则应该用分号而不能是逗号。例如：_____ is known to us all, Dickens was a famous English novelist.A. It B. As C. That D. What解析：本题应选B项。句意为“众所周知，狄更斯是位著名的英国小说家”，句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句。但如果将句中的逗号换成that，答案就只能为A项。It为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。再如，Recently I bought a new house in Nanjing; _____ I need to have it painted before moving into it.A. but B. so C. and D. /题中的分号是解答本题的关键。分号用来分隔没有连接词连接的并列从句。故此题不需要填入任何连接词，答案为D。
2022-04-19 20:30:26